فريتس زيرنيكه Frits Zernike
فريتس زيرنيكه هو عالم فيزيائي هولندي حصل على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1953. وقد حازعلى جائزة نوبل "لاختراعه المجهر الضوئي ذو الأطوار المتباينة"، وهو مجهر يمكّن من دراسة البناء الداخلى للخلايا الحية من دون معالجتها بمواد مميتة. ولد فريتس زيرنيكه في 16 يوليو 1888 وتوفي في 10 مارس 1966.
Zernike was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands to Carl Frederick August Zernike and Antje Dieperink. Both parents were teachers of mathematics, and he especially shared his father's passion for physics. He studied chemistry (his major), mathematics and physics at the University of Amsterdam. In 1912 he was awarded a prize for his work on opalescence in gases. In 1913 he became assistant to Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn at the astronomical laboratory of Groningen University. In 1914, he was responsible jointly with Leonard Salomon Ornstein for the derivation of the Ornstein-Zernike equation in critical-point theory. In 1915, he obtained a position in theoretical physics at the same university and in 1920 he was promoted to full professor of theoretical physics.
فريتس زيرنيكه هو عالم فيزيائي هولندي حصل على جائزة نوبل للفيزياء عام 1953. وقد حازعلى جائزة نوبل "لاختراعه المجهر الضوئي ذو الأطوار المتباينة"، وهو مجهر يمكّن من دراسة البناء الداخلى للخلايا الحية من دون معالجتها بمواد مميتة. ولد فريتس زيرنيكه في 16 يوليو 1888 وتوفي في 10 مارس 1966.
Zernike was born in Amsterdam, Netherlands to Carl Frederick August Zernike and Antje Dieperink. Both parents were teachers of mathematics, and he especially shared his father's passion for physics. He studied chemistry (his major), mathematics and physics at the University of Amsterdam. In 1912 he was awarded a prize for his work on opalescence in gases. In 1913 he became assistant to Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn at the astronomical laboratory of Groningen University. In 1914, he was responsible jointly with Leonard Salomon Ornstein for the derivation of the Ornstein-Zernike equation in critical-point theory. In 1915, he obtained a position in theoretical physics at the same university and in 1920 he was promoted to full professor of theoretical physics.